Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

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11 regimens on this page
15 variants on this page


Guidelines

ESMO

ESMO/EURACAN

NCCN

Neoadjuvant therapy

Imatinib monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Eisenberg et al. 2009 (RTOG 0132) Phase II

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 2 to 3 cycles; stopped on the day prior to surgery

Subsequent treatment

References

  1. RTOG 0132: Eisenberg BL, Harris J, Blanke CD, Demetri GD, Heinrich MC, Watson JC, Hoffman JP, Okuno S, Kane JM, von Mehren M. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant imatinib mesylate (IM) for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): early results of RTOG 0132/ACRIN 6665. J Surg Oncol. 2009 Jan 1;99(1):42-7. contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed
    1. Update: Wang D, Zhang Q, Blanke CD, Demetri GD, Heinrich MC, Watson JC, Hoffman JP, Okuno S, Kane JM, von Mehren M, Eisenberg BL. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant imatinib mesylate for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable gastrointestinal stromal tumors: long-term follow-up results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0132. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Apr;19(4):1074-80. Epub 2011 Dec 28. Erratum in: Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Jul;19(7):2420. link to PMC article PubMed

Adjuvant therapy

Imatinib monotherapy

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Variant #1, 12 months of treatment

FDA-recommended dose
Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Dematteo et al. 2009 (ACOSOG Z9001) Phase III (E-RT) Placebo Superior RFS
Joensuu et al. 2012 (SSG XVIII/AIO) Phase III (C) Imatinib x 36 mos Seems to have inferior OS

Treatment is started within 12 weeks after surgery. While this is the FDA-recommended dose, it is noted that the optimal treatment duration is unknown.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

12-month course

Variant #2, 2 years of treatment

Study Evidence
Eisenberg et al. 2009 (RTOG 0132) Phase II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

2-year course

Variant #3, 3 years of treatment

FDA-recommended dose
Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Joensuu et al. 2012 (SSG XVIII/AIO) Phase III (E) Imatinib x 12 mos Seems to have superior OS

Treatment is to be started within 12 weeks after surgery. While this is the FDA-recommended dose, it is noted that the optimal treatment duration is unknown.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

36-month course

References

  1. RTOG 0132: Eisenberg BL, Harris J, Blanke CD, Demetri GD, Heinrich MC, Watson JC, Hoffman JP, Okuno S, Kane JM, von Mehren M. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant imatinib mesylate (IM) for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): early results of RTOG 0132/ACRIN 6665. J Surg Oncol. 2009 Jan 1;99(1):42-7. contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed
    1. Update: Wang D, Zhang Q, Blanke CD, Demetri GD, Heinrich MC, Watson JC, Hoffman JP, Okuno S, Kane JM, von Mehren M, Eisenberg BL. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant imatinib mesylate for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable gastrointestinal stromal tumors: long-term follow-up results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0132. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Apr;19(4):1074-80. Epub 2011 Dec 28. Erratum in: Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Jul;19(7):2420. link to PMC article PubMed
  2. ACOSOG Z9001: Dematteo RP, Ballman KV, Antonescu CR, Maki RG, Pisters PW, Demetri GD, Blackstein ME, Blanke CD, von Mehren M, Brennan MF, Patel S, McCarter MD, Polikoff JA, Tan BR, Owzar K; American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Intergroup Adjuvant GIST Study Team. Adjuvant imatinib mesylate after resection of localised, primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Mar 28;373(9669):1097-104. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed
  3. SSG XVIII/AIO: Joensuu H, Eriksson M, Sundby Hall K, Hartmann JT, Pink D, Schütte J, Ramadori G, Hohenberger P, Duyster J, Al-Batran SE, Schlemmer M, Bauer S, Wardelmann E, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Nilsson B, Sihto H, Monge OR, Bono P, Kallio R, Vehtari A, Leinonen M, Alvegård T, Reichardt P. One vs three years of adjuvant imatinib for operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2012 Mar 28;307(12):1265-72. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Joensuu H, Eriksson M, Sundby Hall K, Reichardt A, Hartmann JT, Pink D, Ramadori G, Hohenberger P, Al-Batran SE, Schlemmer M, Bauer S, Wardelmann E, Nilsson B, Sihto H, Bono P, Kallio R, Junnila J, Alvegård T, Reichardt P. Adjuvant imatinib for high-risk GI stromal tumor: analysis of a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Jan 20;34(3):244-50. Epub 2015 Nov 2. link to original article PubMed

Placebo

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Dematteo et al. 2009 (ACOSOG Z9001) Phase III (C) Imatinib x 12 mos Inferior RFS

No active antineoplastic treatment. Used as a comparator arm and here for reference purposes only.

Preceding treatment

References

  1. ACOSOG Z9001: Dematteo RP, Ballman KV, Antonescu CR, Maki RG, Pisters PW, Demetri GD, Blackstein ME, Blanke CD, von Mehren M, Brennan MF, Patel S, McCarter MD, Polikoff JA, Tan BR, Owzar K; American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Intergroup Adjuvant GIST Study Team. Adjuvant imatinib mesylate after resection of localised, primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Mar 28;373(9669):1097-104. contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Metastatic or unresectable disease

Best supportive care

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Reichardt et al. 2012 (ENEST g3) Phase III (C) Nilotinib Seems not superior
Mir et al. 2016 (PAZOGIST) Randomized Phase II (C) Pazopanib Seems to have inferior PFS

No active treatment. Used as a comparator arm and here for reference purposes only.

References

  1. ENEST g3: Reichardt P, Blay JY, Gelderblom H, Schlemmer M, Demetri GD, Bui-Nguyen B, McArthur GA, Yazji S, Hsu Y, Galetic I, Rutkowski P. Phase III study of nilotinib versus best supportive care with or without a TKI in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors resistant to or intolerant of imatinib and sunitinib. Ann Oncol. 2012 Jul;23(7):1680-7. Epub 2012 Feb 21. link to original article PubMed
  2. PAZOGIST: Mir O, Cropet C, Toulmonde M, Cesne AL, Molimard M, Bompas E, Cassier P, Ray-Coquard I, Rios M, Adenis A, Italiano A, Bouché O, Chauzit E, Duffaud F, Bertucci F, Isambert N, Gautier J, Blay JY, Pérol D; PAZOGIST study group of the French Sarcoma Groupe-Groupe d'Etude des Tumeurs Osseuses (GSF-GETO). Pazopanib plus best supportive care versus best supportive care alone in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours resistant to imatinib and sunitinib (PAZOGIST): a randomised, multicentre, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 May;17(5):632-41. Epub 2016 Apr 5. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

Imatinib monotherapy

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Variant #1, standard-dose (400 mg/day)

FDA-recommended dose
Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Demetri et al. 2002 Phase III (C) Imatinib; higher-dose (600 mg/day) Seems not superior
Verweij et al. 2004 (EORTC 62005) Phase III (C) Imatinib; high-dose Seems not superior (*)
Blay et al. 2007 (BFR14) Phase III (C) 1. Imatinib; 1 year
2. Imatinib; 3 years 		Superior PFS
Kang et al. 2013 (RIGHT) Phase III (E) Placebo Superior PFS
Blay et al. 2015 (ENESTg1) Phase III (C) Nilotinib Superior PFS
Blanke et al. 2015 (SWOG S0502) Phase III (C) Bevacizumab & Imatinib Not reported

Note: Efficacy reported for EORTC 62005 is based on the 2017 update. BFR14 had two separate comparisons, to one year and to three years of imatinib versus continuous (this arm); the efficacy outcome was the same in both reports.

Chemotherapy

Continued indefinitely

Variant #2, higher-dose (600 mg/day)

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Demetri et al. 2002 Phase III (E) Imatinib; standard-dose (400 mg/day) Seems not superior

Chemotherapy

Continued indefinitely

Variant #3, high-dose (800 mg/day)

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Van Oosterom et al. 2001 Phase 1, <20 pts in this cohort
Verweij et al. 2003 Phase II
Verweij et al. 2004 (EORTC 62005) Phase III (E-RT) Imatinib; standard-dose Seems not superior (*)
Blanke et al. 2008 (SWOG S0033) Phase III (E-RT) Imatinib; standard-dose with pre-planned dose-escalation at progression Seems not superior
Blay et al. 2015 (ENESTg1) Phase III (C) Nilotinib Superior PFS
Blanke et al. 2015 (SWOG S0502) Phase III (C) Bevacizumab & Imatinib Not reported

Note: this was the MTD in Van Oosterom et al. 2001. In some studies, high-dose imatinib was offered to patients with KIT exon 9 mutations in ENESTg1 and SWOG S0502; all other patients received standard-dose imatinib. Efficacy reported for EORTC 62005 is based on the 2017 update.

Chemotherapy

Continued indefinitely

Variant #4, standard-dose with pre-planned dose-escalation at progression

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Blanke et al. 2008 (SWOG S0033) Phase III (C) Imatinib; high-dose (800 mg/day) Seems not superior

Chemotherapy, standard-dose

Continued indefinitely

Patients who progressed could receive high-dose therapy, as follows:

Chemotherapy, high-dose

Continued indefinitely

References

  1. Phase 1: van Oosterom AT, Judson I, Verweij J, Stroobants S, Donato di Paola E, Dimitrijevic S, Martens M, Webb A, Sciot R, Van Glabbeke M, Silberman S, Nielsen OS; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. Safety and efficacy of imatinib (STI571) in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a phase I study. Lancet. 2001 Oct 27;358(9291):1421-3. link to SD article contains protocol PubMed
  2. Demetri GD, von Mehren M, Blanke CD, Van den Abbeele AD, Eisenberg B, Roberts PJ, Heinrich MC, Tuveson DA, Singer S, Janicek M, Fletcher JA, Silverman SG, Silberman SL, Capdeville R, Kiese B, Peng B, Dimitrijevic S, Druker BJ, Corless C, Fletcher CD, Joensuu H. Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 15;347(7):472-80. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  3. Verweij J, van Oosterom A, Blay JY, Judson I, Rodenhuis S, van der Graaf W, Radford J, Le Cesne A, Hogendoorn PC, di Paola ED, Brown M, Nielsen OS. Imatinib mesylate (STI-571 Glivec, Gleevec) is an active agent for gastrointestinal stromal tumours, but does not yield responses in other soft-tissue sarcomas that are unselected for a molecular target: results from an EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group phase II study. Eur J Cancer. 2003 Sep;39(14):2006-11. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  4. EORTC 62005: Verweij J, Casali PG, Zalcberg J, LeCesne A, Reichardt P, Blay JY, Issels R, van Oosterom A, Hogendoorn PC, Van Glabbeke M, Bertulli R, Judson I. Progression-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumours with high-dose imatinib: randomised trial. Lancet. 2004 Sep 25-Oct 1;364(9440):1127-34. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Zalcberg JR, Verweij J, Casali PG, Le Cesne A, Reichardt P, Blay JY, Schlemmer M, Van Glabbeke M, Brown M, Judson IR; EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group; Italian Sarcoma Group; Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group. Outcome of patients with advanced gastro-intestinal stromal tumours crossing over to a daily imatinib dose of 800 mg after progression on 400 mg. Eur J Cancer. 2005 Aug;41(12):1751-7. link to original article PubMed
    2. Update: Casali PG, Zalcberg J, Le Cesne A, Reichardt P, Blay JY, Lindner LH, Judson IR, Schöffski P, Leyvraz S, Italiano A, Grünwald V, Pousa AL, Kotasek D, Sleijfer S, Kerst JM, Rutkowski P, Fumagalli E, Hogendoorn P, Litière S, Marreaud S, van der Graaf W, Gronchi A, Verweij J; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group and Italian Sarcoma Group and Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group. Ten-year progression-free and overall survival in patients with unresectable or metastatic GI stromal tumors: long-term analysis of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Italian Sarcoma Group, and Australasian Gastrointestinal Trials Group intergroup phase III randomized trial on imatinib at two dose levels. J Clin Oncol. 2017 May 20;35(15):1713-1720. Epub 2017 Mar 31. link to original article PubMed
  5. BFR14: Blay JY, Le Cesne A, Ray-Coquard I, Bui B, Duffaud F, Delbaldo C, Adenis A, Viens P, Rios M, Bompas E, Cupissol D, Guillemet C, Kerbrat P, Fayette J, Chabaud S, Berthaud P, Perol D. Prospective multicentric randomized phase III study of imatinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors comparing interruption versus continuation of treatment beyond 1 year: the French Sarcoma Group. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Mar 20;25(9):1107-13. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Le Cesne A, Ray-Coquard I, Bui BN, Adenis A, Rios M, Bertucci F, Duffaud F, Chevreau C, Cupissol D, Cioffi A, Emile JF, Chabaud S, Pérol D, Blay JY; French Sarcoma Group. Discontinuation of imatinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after 3 years of treatment: an open-label multicentre randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Oct;11(10):942-9. Epub 2010 Sep 21. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
  6. SWOG S0033: Blanke CD, Rankin C, Demetri GD, Ryan CW, von Mehren M, Benjamin RS, Raymond AK, Bramwell VH, Baker LH, Maki RG, Tanaka M, Hecht JR, Heinrich MC, Fletcher CD, Crowley JJ, Borden EC. Phase III randomized, intergroup trial assessing imatinib mesylate at two dose levels in patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors expressing the kit receptor tyrosine kinase: S0033. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Feb 1;26(4):626-32. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  7. Meta-analysis: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Meta-Analysis Group (MetaGIST). Comparison of two doses of imatinib for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a meta-analysis of 1,640 patients. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Mar 1;28(7):1247-53. Epub 2010 Feb 1. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  8. RIGHT: Kang YK, Ryu MH, Yoo C, Ryoo BY, Kim HJ, Lee JJ, Nam BH, Ramaiya N, Jagannathan J, Demetri GD. Resumption of imatinib to control metastatic or unresectable gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (RIGHT): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Nov;14(12):1175-82. Epub 2013 Oct 18. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed
  9. ENESTg1: Blay JY, Shen L, Kang YK, Rutkowski P, Qin S, Nosov D, Wan D, Trent J, Srimuninnimit V, Pápai Z, Le Cesne A, Novick S, Taningco L, Mo S, Green S, Reichardt P, Demetri GD. Nilotinib versus imatinib as first-line therapy for patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (ENESTg1): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 May;16(5):550-60. Epub 2015 Apr 14. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed
  10. SWOG S0502: Blanke CD, Rankin C, Corless C, Eary JF, Mulder K, Okuno SH, George S, Heinrich M. S0502: A SWOG phase III randomized study of imatinib, with or without bevacizumab, in patients with untreated metastatic or unresectable gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncologist. 2015 Dec;20(12):1353-4. Epub 2015 Nov 17. contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Pazopanib monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Mir et al. 2016 (PAZOGIST) Randomized Phase II (E) Best supportive care Seems to have superior PFS

Chemotherapy

Continued indefinitely

References

  1. Mir O, Cropet C, Toulmonde M, Cesne AL, Molimard M, Bompas E, Cassier P, Ray-Coquard I, Rios M, Adenis A, Italiano A, Bouché O, Chauzit E, Duffaud F, Bertucci F, Isambert N, Gautier J, Blay JY, Pérol D; PAZOGIST study group of the French Sarcoma Groupe-Groupe d'Etude des Tumeurs Osseuses (GSF-GETO). Pazopanib plus best supportive care versus best supportive care alone in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours resistant to imatinib and sunitinib (PAZOGIST): a randomised, multicentre, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 May;17(5):632-41. Epub 2016 Apr 5. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

Placebo

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Demetri et al. 2006 (A6181004) Phase III (C) Sunitinib Inferior TTP
Demetri et al. 2012 (GRID) Phase III (C) Regorafenib Inferior PFS
Kang et al. 2013 (RIGHT) Phase III (C) Imatinib Inferior PFS

No active antineoplastic treatment. Used as a comparator arm and here for reference purposes only.

References

  1. A6181004: Demetri GD, van Oosterom AT, Garrett CR, Blackstein ME, Shah MH, Verweij J, McArthur G, Judson IR, Heinrich MC, Morgan JA, Desai J, Fletcher CD, George S, Bello CL, Huang X, Baum CM, Casali PG. Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14;368(9544):1329-38. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Demetri GD, Garrett CR, Schöffski P, Shah MH, Verweij J, Leyvraz S, Hurwitz HI, Pousa AL, Le Cesne A, Goldstein D, Paz-Ares L, Blay JY, McArthur GA, Xu QC, Huang X, Harmon CS, Tassell V, Cohen DP, Casali PG. Complete longitudinal analyses of the randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of sunitinib in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor following imatinib failure. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jun 1;18(11):3170-9. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. GRID: Demetri GD, Reichardt P, Kang YK, Blay JY, Rutkowski P, Gelderblom H, Hohenberger P, Leahy M, von Mehren M, Joensuu H, Badalamenti G, Blackstein M, Le Cesne A, Schöffski P, Maki RG, Bauer S, Nguyen BB, Xu J, Nishida T, Chung J, Kappeler C, Kuss I, Laurent D, Casali PG; GRID study investigators. Efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013 Jan 26;381(9863):295-302. Epub 2012 Nov 22. contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed
  3. RIGHT: Kang YK, Ryu MH, Yoo C, Ryoo BY, Kim HJ, Lee JJ, Nam BH, Ramaiya N, Jagannathan J, Demetri GD. Resumption of imatinib to control metastatic or unresectable gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (RIGHT): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Nov;14(12):1175-82. Epub 2013 Oct 18. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed

Regorafenib monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Demetri et al. 2012 (GRID) Phase III (E-RT) Placebo Superior PFS

Patients in this study already had treatment failure with imatinib and sunitinib.

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. GRID: Demetri GD, Reichardt P, Kang YK, Blay JY, Rutkowski P, Gelderblom H, Hohenberger P, Leahy M, von Mehren M, Joensuu H, Badalamenti G, Blackstein M, Le Cesne A, Schöffski P, Maki RG, Bauer S, Nguyen BB, Xu J, Nishida T, Chung J, Kappeler C, Kuss I, Laurent D, Casali PG; GRID study investigators. Efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013 Jan 26;381(9863):295-302. Epub 2012 Nov 22. contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Sunitinib monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Demetri et al. 2006 (A6181004) Phase III (E-RT) Placebo Superior TTP
Adenis et al. 2014 Randomized Phase II (C) Masitinib Seems to have inferior OS

Patients had treatment failure with imatinib.

Chemotherapy

  • Sunitinib (Sutent) 50 mg PO once per day on days 1 to 28
    • Dose may be decreased to 37.5 mg or 25 mg depending on tolerability

42-day cycles

References

  1. A6181004: Demetri GD, van Oosterom AT, Garrett CR, Blackstein ME, Shah MH, Verweij J, McArthur G, Judson IR, Heinrich MC, Morgan JA, Desai J, Fletcher CD, George S, Bello CL, Huang X, Baum CM, Casali PG. Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006 Oct 14;368(9544):1329-38. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Demetri GD, Garrett CR, Schöffski P, Shah MH, Verweij J, Leyvraz S, Hurwitz HI, Pousa AL, Le Cesne A, Goldstein D, Paz-Ares L, Blay JY, McArthur GA, Xu QC, Huang X, Harmon CS, Tassell V, Cohen DP, Casali PG. Complete longitudinal analyses of the randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of sunitinib in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor following imatinib failure. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jun 1;18(11):3170-9. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
  2. Adenis A, Blay JY, Bui-Nguyen B, Bouché O, Bertucci F, Isambert N, Bompas E, Chaigneau L, Domont J, Ray-Coquard I, Blésius A, Van Tine BA, Bulusu VR, Dubreuil P, Mansfield CD, Acin Y, Moussy A, Hermine O, Le Cesne A. Masitinib in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) after failure of imatinib: a randomized controlled open-label trial. Ann Oncol. 2014 Sep;25(9):1762-9. Epub 2014 Jul 25. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

Sorafenib monotherapy

Regimen

Study Evidence
Park et al. 2012 Phase II
Kindler et al. 2011 Phase II

Chemotherapy

  • Sorafenib (Nexavar) 400mg PO BID until disease progression or intolerance

References

  1. Park SH, Ryu MH, Ryoo BY, Im SA, Kwon HC, Lee SS, Park SR, Kang BY, Kang YK. Sorafenib in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors who failed two or more prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a phase II study of Korean gastrointestinal stromal tumors study group. Invest New Drugs. 2012 Dec; 30(6) 2377-83. link to original article PubMed
  2. Kindler HL, Campbell NP, Wroblewski K, Maki RG, D’Adamo DR, Chow WA, Gandara DR, Antonescu C, Stadler WM, Vokes EE. Sorafenib (SOR) in patients (pts) with imatinib (IM) and sunitinib (SU)-resistant (RES) gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST): Final results of a University of Chicago Phase II Consortium trial. 2011. 29 (15_suppl) 10009-10009. link to original article (abstract only)
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