Cholangiocarcinoma

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 Ari Seifter, MD
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, IL
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 Neeta K. Venepalli, MD, MBA
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, IL
29 regimens on this page
35 variants on this page

Note: there is some overlap, especially in the earlier literature, between treatment regimens for cholangiocarcinoma and those for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, periampullary adenocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer; please see those pages for additional regimens.


Guidelines

ASCO

ESMO

NCCN

Adjuvant therapy

Capecitabine monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Primrose et al. 2019 (BILCAP) Phase III (E-esc) Observation Might have superior OS

Preceding treatment

  • Surgical resection with macroscopically curative resection
  • Chemotherapy start date 8-16 weeks after surgery

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. BILCAP: Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, Malik HZ, Prasad R, Mirza D, Anthony A, Corrie P, Falk S, Finch-Jones M, Wasan H, Ross P, Wall L, Wadsley J, Evans JTR, Stocken D, Praseedom R, Ma YT, Davidson B, Neoptolemos JP, Iveson T, Raftery J, Zhu S, Cunningham D, Garden OJ, Stubbs C, Valle JW, Bridgewater J; BILCAP study group. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 May;20(5):663-673. Epub 2019 Mar 25. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2019 Apr 2. link to original article PubMed

Capecitabine & Gemcitabine

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GemCap: Gemcitabine & Capecitabine

Regimen

Study Evidence
Ben-Josef et al. 2015 (SWOG S0809) Phase II

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 4 cycles

Subsequent treatment

  • Capecitabine & RT

References

  1. SWOG S0809: Ben-Josef E, Guthrie KA, El-Khoueiry AB, Corless CL, Zalupski MM, Lowy AM, Thomas CR Jr, Alberts SR, Dawson LA, Micetich KC, Thomas MB, Siegel AB, Blanke CD. SWOG S0809: A phase II intergroup trial of adjuvant capecitabine and gemcitabine followed by radiotherapy and concurrent capecitabine in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Aug 20;33(24):2617-22. Epub 2015 May 11. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed

Gemcitabine monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Ebata et al. 2018 (BCAT) Phase III (E-esc) Observation Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 6 cycles

References

  1. BCAT: Ebata T, Hirano S, Konishi M, Uesaka K, Tsuchiya Y, Ohtsuka M, Kaneoka Y, Yamamoto M, Ambo Y, Shimizu Y, Ozawa F, Fukutomi A, Ando M, Nimura Y, Nagino M; Bile Duct Cancer Adjuvant Trial (BCAT) Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy versus observation in resected bile duct cancer. Br J Surg. 2018 Feb;105(3):192-202. link to original article PubMed

Gemcitabine/Fluorouracil & RT

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Gemcitabine/Fluorouracil & RT: Gemcitabine alternating with Fluorouracil & Radiation Therapy

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Regine et al. 2008 (RTOG 9704) Phase III (E-esc) Fluorouracil & RT Did not meet primary endpoint of OS (*)

Note: this study was in pancreatic cancer but in practice it is extrapolated to cholangiocarcinoma. Reported efficacy is based on the 2011 update.

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy, part 1

21-day course, followed in 1 to 2 weeks by:

Chemotherapy, part 2

Radiotherapy

  • Concurrent radiation therapy, 1.8 Gy fractions x 28 fractions given 5 days per week, for a total dose of 50.4 Gy. The last 5.4 Gy of the 50.4 Gy is limited to the tumor bed.

6-week course, followed in 3 to 5 weeks by:

Chemotherapy, part 3

28-day cycle for 3 cycles

References

  1. RTOG 9704: Regine WF, Winter KA, Abrams RA, Safran H, Hoffman JP, Konski A, Benson AB, Macdonald JS, Kudrimoti MR, Fromm ML, Haddock MG, Schaefer P, Willett CG, Rich TA. Fluorouracil vs gemcitabine chemotherapy before and after fluorouracil-based chemoradiation following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008 Mar 5;299(9):1019-26. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
    1. Update: Regine WF, Winter KA, Abrams R, Safran H, Hoffman JP, Konski A, Benson AB, Macdonald JS, Rich TA, Willett CG. Fluorouracil-based chemoradiation with either gemcitabine or fluorouracil chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: 5-year analysis of the US Intergroup/RTOG 9704 phase III trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011 May;18(5):1319-26. Epub 2011 Mar 10. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed

GemOx

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GemOx: Gemcitabine & Oxaliplatin

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Edeline et al. 2019 (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI) Phase III (E-esc) Observation Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS

Preceding treatment

Chemotherapy

14-day cycle for 12 cycles

References

  1. PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI: Edeline J, Benabdelghani M, Bertaut A, Watelet J, Hammel P, Joly JP, Boudjema K, Fartoux L, Bouhier-Leporrier K, Jouve JL, Faroux R, Guerin-Meyer V, Kurtz JE, Assénat E, Seitz JF, Baumgaertner I, Tougeron D, de la Fouchardière C, Lombard-Bohas C, Boucher E, Stanbury T, Louvet C, Malka D, Phelip JM. Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy or Surveillance in Resected Biliary Tract Cancer (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI): A Randomized Phase III Study. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Mar 10;37(8):658-667. Epub 2019 Feb 1. link to original article PubMed

Observation

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Ebata et al. 2018 (BCAT) Phase III (C) Gemcitabine Did not meet primary endpoint of OS
Edeline et al. 2019 (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI) Phase III (C) GemOx Did not meet primary endpoint of RFS

No antineoplastic treatment after surgery.

Preceding treatment

References

  1. BCAT: Ebata T, Hirano S, Konishi M, Uesaka K, Tsuchiya Y, Ohtsuka M, Kaneoka Y, Yamamoto M, Ambo Y, Shimizu Y, Ozawa F, Fukutomi A, Ando M, Nimura Y, Nagino M; Bile Duct Cancer Adjuvant Trial (BCAT) Study Group. Randomized clinical trial of adjuvant gemcitabine chemotherapy versus observation in resected bile duct cancer. Br J Surg. 2018 Feb;105(3):192-202. link to original article PubMed
  2. PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI: Edeline J, Benabdelghani M, Bertaut A, Watelet J, Hammel P, Joly JP, Boudjema K, Fartoux L, Bouhier-Leporrier K, Jouve JL, Faroux R, Guerin-Meyer V, Kurtz JE, Assénat E, Seitz JF, Baumgaertner I, Tougeron D, de la Fouchardière C, Lombard-Bohas C, Boucher E, Stanbury T, Louvet C, Malka D, Phelip JM. Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy or Surveillance in Resected Biliary Tract Cancer (PRODIGE 12-ACCORD 18-UNICANCER GI): A Randomized Phase III Study. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Mar 10;37(8):658-667. Epub 2019 Feb 1. link to original article PubMed
  3. BILCAP: Primrose JN, Fox RP, Palmer DH, Malik HZ, Prasad R, Mirza D, Anthony A, Corrie P, Falk S, Finch-Jones M, Wasan H, Ross P, Wall L, Wadsley J, Evans JTR, Stocken D, Praseedom R, Ma YT, Davidson B, Neoptolemos JP, Iveson T, Raftery J, Zhu S, Cunningham D, Garden OJ, Stubbs C, Valle JW, Bridgewater J; BILCAP study group. Capecitabine compared with observation in resected biliary tract cancer (BILCAP): a randomised, controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 May;20(5):663-673. Epub 2019 Mar 25. Erratum in: Lancet Oncol. 2019 Apr 2. link to original article PubMed

Metastatic disease, all lines of therapy

Best supportive care

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Glimelius et al. 1996 Phase III (C) 1. FELV Inferior OS
2. Fluorouracil & Folinic acid Inferior OS

No antineoplastic treatment. Included for reference purposes only.

References

  1. Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, Linné T, Svensson C. Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996 Aug;7(6):593-600. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed content property of HemOnc.org

Capecitabine monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Patt et al. 2004 Retrospective

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Retrospective: Patt YZ, Hassan MM, Aguayo A, Nooka AK, Lozano RD, Curley SA, Vauthey JN, Ellis LM, Schnirer II, Wolff RA, Charnsangavej C, Brown TD. Oral capecitabine for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma. Cancer. 2004 Aug 1;101(3):578-86. link to original article PubMed

Capecitabine & Mitomycin

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Kornek et al. 2004 Randomized Phase II (E-switch-ic) Gemcitabine & Mitomycin Might have superior ORR

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

28-day cycles

References

  1. Kornek GV, Schuell B, Laengle F, Gruenberger T, Penz M, Karall K, Depisch D, Lang F, Scheithauer W. Mitomycin C in combination with capecitabine or biweekly high-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomised phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2004 Mar;15(3):478-83. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

CapeOx

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CapeOx: Capecitabine & Oxaliplatin
XELOX: XELoda (Capecitabine) & OXaliplatin

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Kim et al. 2019 (SMC 2011-05-070) Phase III (E-switch-ic) GEMOX Non-inferior PFS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

References

  1. SMC 2011-05-070: Kim ST, Kang JH, Lee J, Lee HW, Oh SY, Jang JS, Lee MA, Sohn BS, Yoon SY, Choi HJ, Hong JH, Kim MJ, Kim S, Park YS, Park JO, Lim HY. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin versus gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for advanced biliary tract cancers: a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase III, noninferiority trial. Ann Oncol. 2019 May 1;30(5):788-795. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

Cisplatin & Gemcitabine

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Valle et al. 2010 (ABC-02) Phase III (E-esc) Gemcitabine Superior OS

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

  • Cisplatin is mixed in a solution of 1 liter of normal saline with 20 mmol potassium chloride, 8 mmol magnesium sulfate
  • After cisplatin, 500 mL normal saline given over 30 minutes

21-day cycle for 4 to 8 cycles depending on response

References

  1. ABC-02: Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, Madhusudan S, Iveson T, Hughes S, Pereira SP, Roughton M, Bridgewater J; ABC-02 Trial Investigators. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 8;362(14):1273-81. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, nab-Paclitaxel

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Shroff et al. 2019 (MDACC 2014-0524) Phase II

Prolonged median PFS and OS vs reported for historical controls treated with gemcitabine-cisplatin alone.

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle

References

  1. MDACC 2014-0524: Shroff RT, Javle MM, Xiao L, Kaseb AO, Varadhachary GR, Wolff RA, Raghav KPS, Iwasaki M, Masci P, Ramanathan RK, Ahn DH, Bekaii-Saab TS, Borad MJ. Gemcitabine, cisplatin, and nab-paclitaxel for the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancers: a phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019 Apr 18. [Epub ahead of print] link to original article PubMed

ECF

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ECF: Epirubicin, Cisplatin, Fluorouracil

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Rao et al. 2005 Phase III (E-switch-ic) FELV Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Rao S, Cunningham D, Hawkins RE, Hill ME, Smith D, Daniel F, Ross PJ, Oates J, Norman AR. Phase III study of 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) compared to epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU (ECF) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1650-4. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Erlotinib & Bevacizumab

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Lubner et al. 2010 Phase II

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. Lubner SJ, Mahoney MR, Kolesar JL, Loconte NK, Kim GP, Pitot HC, Philip PA, Picus J, Yong WP, Horvath L, Van Hazel G, Erlichman CE, Holen KD. Report of a multicenter phase II trial testing a combination of biweekly bevacizumab and daily erlotinib in patients with unresectable biliary cancer: a phase II Consortium study. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jul 20;28(21):3491-7. Epub 2010 Jun 7. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

FELV

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FELV: Fluorouracil , Etoposide, LeucoVorin (Folinic acid)

Variant #1, 500/120/60

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Glimelius et al. 1996 Phase III (E-esc) Best supportive care Superior OS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

Variant #2, 600/120/60

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Rao et al. 2005 Phase III (C) ECF Did not meet primary endpoint of OS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, Linné T, Svensson C. Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996 Aug;7(6):593-600. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed content property of HemOnc.org
  2. Rao S, Cunningham D, Hawkins RE, Hill ME, Smith D, Daniel F, Ross PJ, Oates J, Norman AR. Phase III study of 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) compared to epirubicin, cisplatin and 5FU (ECF) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer. Br J Cancer. 2005 May 9;92(9):1650-4. link to original article contains verified protocol link to PMC article PubMed

Fluorouracil & Folinic acid

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FUFA: 5-FU (Fluorouracil) & Folinic Acid

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Glimelius et al. 1996 Phase III (E-esc) Best supportive care Superior OS

Chemotherapy

14-day cycles

References

  1. Glimelius B, Hoffman K, Sjödén PO, Jacobsson G, Sellström H, Enander LK, Linné T, Svensson C. Chemotherapy improves survival and quality of life in advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer. Ann Oncol. 1996 Aug;7(6):593-600. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Fluorouracil, Folinic acid, Gemcitabine

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Gebbia et al. 2001 Phase II

Chemotherapy

21-day cycles

References

  1. Gebbia V, Giuliani F, Maiello E, Colucci G, Verderame F, Borsellino N, Mauceri G, Caruso M, Tirrito ML, Valdesi M. Treatment of inoperable and/or metastatic biliary tree carcinomas with single-agent gemcitabine or in combination with levofolinic acid and infusional fluorouracil: results of a multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Oct 15;19(20):4089-91. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Gemcitabine monotherapy

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Variant #1

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Valle et al. 2010 (ABC-02) Phase III (E-de-esc) Cisplatin & Gemcitabine Inferior OS

Chemotherapy

28-day cycle for 3 to 6 cycles depending on response

Variant #2

Study Evidence
Gebbia et al. 2001 Phase II

Chemotherapy

30-day cycles

References

  1. Gebbia V, Giuliani F, Maiello E, Colucci G, Verderame F, Borsellino N, Mauceri G, Caruso M, Tirrito ML, Valdesi M. Treatment of inoperable and/or metastatic biliary tree carcinomas with single-agent gemcitabine or in combination with levofolinic acid and infusional fluorouracil: results of a multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Oct 15;19(20):4089-91. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. ABC-02: Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, Madhusudan S, Iveson T, Hughes S, Pereira SP, Roughton M, Bridgewater J; ABC-02 Trial Investigators. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 8;362(14):1273-81. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, S-1

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GCS: Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, S-1

Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Sakai et al. 2018 (KHBO1401-MITSUBA) Phase III (E-esc) Cisplatin & Gemcitabine Seems to have superior OS

Chemotherapy

14-day cycles

References

  1. Abstract: Sakai D, Kanai M , Kobayashi S, Eguchi H, Baba H, Seo S, Taketomi A, Takayama T, Yamaue H, Ishioka C, Sho M,  Takeyama Y,  Fujimoto J, Toyoda M,  Shimizu J, Goto T,  Yoshimura K, Hatano E, Nagano H,  Ioka T. Randomized phase III study of gemcitabine, cisplatin plus S-1 (GCS) versus gemcitabine, cisplatin (GC) for advanced biliary tract cancer (KHBO1401-MITSUBA). Annals of Oncology 29 (Supplement 8): viii205–viii270, 2018 link to abstract

Gemcitabine & Mitomycin

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Kornek et al. 2004 Randomized Phase II (E-switch-ic) Capecitabine & Mitomycin Might have inferior ORR

Chemotherapy

Supportive medications

28-day cycles

References

  1. Kornek GV, Schuell B, Laengle F, Gruenberger T, Penz M, Karall K, Depisch D, Lang F, Scheithauer W. Mitomycin C in combination with capecitabine or biweekly high-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: a randomised phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2004 Mar;15(3):478-83. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed

Gemcitabine & nab-Paclitaxel

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NG: Nab-Paclitaxel & Gemcitabine

Regimen

Study Evidence
Sahai et al. 2018 Phase II

Note: this regimen was intended for ECOG PS 0 to 2, and Child-Pugh score less than 8.

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. Sahai V, Catalano PJ, Zalupski MM, Lubner SJ, Menge MR, Nimeiri HS, Munshi HG, Benson AB 3rd, O'Dwyer PJ. nab-Paclitaxel and gemcitabine as first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma: a phase 2 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Dec 1;4(12):1707-1712. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

GemOx

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GemOx: Gemcitabine & Oxaliplatin
GEMOX: GEMcitabine & OXaliplatin

Variant #1, 1000/85, bi-weekly

Study Evidence Efficacy
Halim et al. 2011 Phase II ORR: 27.5%

Chemotherapy

14-day cycles

Variant #2, 1000/100, bi-weekly

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Lee et al. 2011 (SMC 2008-12-024) Phase III (C) GEMOX & Erlotinib Might have inferior PFS

Chemotherapy

14-day cycles

Variant #3, 1000/100, 2 weeks out of 3

Study Evidence Comparator Comparative Efficacy
Kim et al. 2019 (SMC 2011-05-070) Phase III (C) XELOX Non-inferior PFS

Chemotherapy

21-day cycle for 8 cycles

Variant #4, 1000/100 ("GEMOX-3")

Study Evidence Efficacy
Harder et al. 2006 Phase II ORR: 26% (95% CI 14–44)

GEMOX-3: GEMcitabine & OXaliplatin, 3 visits per month

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. Harder J, Riecken B, Kummer O, Lohrmann C, Otto F, Usadel H, Geissler M, Opitz O, Henss H. Outpatient chemotherapy with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with biliary tract cancer. Br J Cancer. 2006 Oct 9;95(7):848-52. link to PMC article contains verified protocol PubMed
  2. Halim A, Ebrahim MA, Saleh Y. A phase II study of outpatient biweekly gemcitabine-oxaliplatin in advanced biliary tract carcinomas. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb;41(2):217-24. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed
  3. SMC 2008-12-024: Lee J, Park SH, Chang HM, Kim JS, Choi HJ, Lee MA, Jang JS, Jeung HC, Kang JH, Lee HW, Shin DB, Kang HJ, Sun JM, Park JO, Park YS, Kang WK, Lim HY. Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin with or without erlotinib in advanced biliary-tract cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2012 Feb;13(2):181-8. Epub 2011 Dec 20. link to original article contains protocol PubMed
  4. SMC 2011-05-070: Kim ST, Kang JH, Lee J, Lee HW, Oh SY, Jang JS, Lee MA, Sohn BS, Yoon SY, Choi HJ, Hong JH, Kim MJ, Kim S, Park YS, Park JO, Lim HY. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin versus gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for advanced biliary tract cancers: a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase III, noninferiority trial. Ann Oncol. 2019 May 1;30(5):788-795. link to original article contains protocol PubMed

GEMOX-B

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GEMOX-B: GEMcitabine, OXaliplatin, Bevacizumab

Regimen

Study Evidence
Zhu et al. 2009 (MGH 05-349) Phase II

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. MGH 05-349: Zhu AX, Meyerhardt JA, Blaszkowsky LS, Kambadakone AR, Muzikansky A, Zheng H, Clark JW, Abrams TA, Chan JA, Enzinger PC, Bhargava P, Kwak EL, Allen JN, Jain SR, Stuart K, Horgan K, Sheehan S, Fuchs CS, Ryan DP, Sahani DV. Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab in advanced biliary-tract cancers and correlation of changes in 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET with clinical outcome: a phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Jan;11(1):48-54. Epub 2009 Nov 20. link to original article contains verified protocol PubMed


Ivosidenib monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence Comparator Efficacy
Abou-Alfa et al. 2019 (ClarIDHy) Phase III (E-esc) Placebo Superior PFS

Note: Patients with unresectable or metastatic disease with IDH1 mutation with progression after at least one prior systemic therapy.

Chemotherapy

Continued indefinitely

References

  1. Abstract: GK Abou-Alfa, T Macarulla Mercade, M Javle, RK Kelley, S Lubner, J Adeva, JM Cleary, DV Catenacci, MJ Borad, JA Bridgewater, WP Harris, AG Murphy, D-Y Oh, J Whisenant, B Wu, L Jiang, C Gliser, SS Pandya, JW Valle, AX Zhu. ClarIDHy: A global, phase III, randomized, double-blind study of ivosidenib (IVO) vs placebo in pateints with advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CC) with an isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation. Annals of Oncology, Volume 30, Issue Supplement-5, October 2019, mdz394.027. link to abstract

Pembrolizumab monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Le et al. 2017 (KEYNOTE-016) Phase II, <20 pts of this subtype

Note: KEYNOTE-016 was an expansion to a CRC-specific trial.

Immunotherapy

14-day cycle for up to 52 cycles (2 years)

References

  1. KEYNOTE-016: Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN, Wang H, Bartlett BR, Aulakh LK, Lu S, Kemberling H, Wilt C, Luber BS, Wong F, Azad NS, Rucki AA, Laheru D, Donehower R, Zaheer A, Fisher GA, Crocenzi TS, Lee JJ, Greten TF, Duffy AG, Ciombor KK, Eyring AD, Lam BH, Joe A, Kang SP, Holdhoff M, Danilova L, Cope L, Meyer C, Zhou S, Goldberg RM, Armstrong DK, Bever KM, Fader AN, Taube J, Housseau F, Spetzler D, Xiao N, Pardoll DM, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Eshleman JR, Vogelstein B, Anders RA, Diaz LA Jr. Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade. Science. 2017 Jul 28;357(6349):409-413. Epub 2017 Jun 8. link to original article link to PMC article contains verified protocol in supplement PubMed

Regorafenib monotherapy

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Regimen

Study Evidence
Sun et al. 2019 Phase II

Only studied in patients with advanced biliary cancer who failed at least 1 line of systemic therapy.

Chemotherapy

28-day cycles

References

  1. Sun W, Patel A, Normolle A, Patel K, Ohr J, Lee JJ, Bahary N, Chu E, Streeter N, Drummond S. A phase 2 trial of regorafenib as a single agent in patients with chemotherapy-refractory, advanced, and metastatic biliary tract adenocarcinoma. Cancer. 2019 Mar 15;125(6):902-909. Epub 2018 Dec 18. link to original article link to PMC article PubMed
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